An earth station is a site which is used for transmission and reception of signals between the earth and satellites, spacecraft, or other objects in outer space. These are often fields of multiple satellite dishes capable of receiving and/or transmitting ultra-high frequency radio signals. They may be used for communication with orbiting satellites, manned spacecraft, space stations, interplanetary exploration crafts, or to search for signs of extraterrestrial activity.

The signal path connects a terrestrial site with an object in space. The equipment can receive, transmit, or perform both functions.

Multiple satellite dishes are a common arrangement rather than a required layout. The use includes communications beyond orbiting satellites, such as links to interplanetary spacecraft or searches for extraterrestrial signals.