An orthodox synagogue is a place for religious ceremonies, prayer, and devotion in Orthodox Judaism. As opposed to a reform synagogue, men and women are usually separated in these synagogues.

The congregation practices Orthodox Judaism. That religious affiliation distinguishes it from a synagogue belonging to another Jewish tradition.

Separation of men and women in prayer is usual, in contrast to their usual shared prayer in a Reform synagogue. The building's general architectural form does not by itself establish the congregation's tradition.