Geared traction elevators are vertical transportation cabs hung on cables and balanced by a counterweight, in which the cables are slung over a sheave that is turned by a gear mechanism. In contrast to gearless traction elevators, these generally have a lower speed range, typically from about 1.5 to 2.5 meters per second. These are typically used in low-rise buildings and other structures of similar height.

The gear mechanism transmits motor rotation to the sheave. The cab remains suspended by the traction cables and balanced by the counterweight.

Helical and worm gear traction differ in their gearing. A gearless system omits the intervening gear mechanism.